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On August 19, 1878, Manuel Luis Quezon was born in Baler, in the district of El Principe, Tayabas province (present day Baler, Aurora), to Spanish parents Lucio Quezon, a soldier in the Spanish army, and Maria Dolores Molina. Quezon served as president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944.
Manuel was sent to school in Manila at the age of 9 and remained there through college, where he studied law.
Although he had supported the Spaniards against Filipino nationalists, in 1899 he joined General Emilio Aguinaldo's guerrilla war against the Americans, and was eventually jailed for six months for allegedly murdering an American prisoner. After being released for lack of evidence, Quezon's sharp mind and considerable charisma caught the eye of American colonial officials, and his stratospheric political ascent began.
In 1906, after serving as a prosecutor in Mindoro, he was elected governor of Tayabas.
In 1907, he was elected to the first Philippine Assembly (later became the House of Representatives) where he served as majority floor leader and chairman of the committee on appropriations. From 1909–1916, he served as one of the Philippines' two resident commissioners to the U.S. House of Representatives, lobbying for the passage of the Philippine Autonomy Act or Jones Law.
Quezon returned to Manila in 1916 to be elected into the Philippine Senate and later became Senate President, serving continuously for 19 years until 1935. He headed the first Independent Mission to the U.S. Congress in 1919 securing passage of the Tydings-McDuffie Independence Law in 1934.
In 1922, Quezon became the leader of Nacionalista Party.
In 1935 Quezon won the Philippine's first national presidential election under the banner of the Nacionalista Party. The losing presidential candidates during the 1935 election were, Emilio Aguinaldo (National Socialist), Gregorio Aglipay (Republican), and Pascual Racuyal (independent).
On his 61st birthday on August 19, 1939, President Quezon issued Executive Order No. 217, prescribing a Filipino code of ethics, consisting of sixteen principles to be taught in all schools of the Philippines.
After the Japanese invasion of the Philippines during World War II he evacuated to Corregidor, then the Visayas and Mindanao, and upon the invitation of the US government, was further evacuated to Australia and then to the United States, where he established the Commonwealth government in exile with headquarters in Washington, D.C..
Manuel L. Quezon married Aurora Aragon in December 1918 in Hong Kong. They had 4 children together: Maria Aurora Quezon (born September 23, 1919), Maria Zeneida Quezon (born April 9, 1921), Luisa Corazon Paz Quezon (born February 17, 1924, but sadly passed away in December 14 1924) and, Manuel L. Quezon Jr. (born June 23, 1926).
During his exile in the US, Manuel Luis Quezon passed away of tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York on August 1, 1944.