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<img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.kahimyang.com/resources-25/crisanto-evangelista.avif" alt="Crisanto Evangelista" />
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(Crisanto Evangelista c. 1929.  Source: Wikipedia)
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<p>
In his address of November 7, he set forth five guiding principles for the Philippine communist movement: 
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<ol>
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to mobilize for complete national independence; 
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to establish communism for the masses; 
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<li>
to defend the masses against capitalist exploitation; 
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to overthrow American imperialism in the Philippines; 
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and to overthrow capitalism. 
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<p>
With these guidelines and the PKP banner that displayed the communist hammer and sickle emblem on a red background, surrounded by the words <i>"Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas"</i>,  Evangelista set out on his mission.
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<p>
In 1932, two years after the birth of the PKP, the Philippine Supreme Court declared it illegal and Evangelista and several of his chief lieutenants were imprisoned. They were charged with plotting the overthrow of the government and instigating large-scale, bloody riots in Manila. Other PKP members went underground and began to fight against landlords on behalf of the peasants. Although not widespread, PKP attacks unsettled central Luzon. Landlords were murdered, farm animals slaughtered, and many fields were put to 

the torch. In reaction, President <a href="https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/1265/today-in-philippine-history-august-19-1878-manuel-quezon-was-born-in-baler-aurora" class="news_link">Manuel Quezon</a> instituted several minor land reform measures, including putting a 30 percent limit on the amount of a tenant's crop that could be demanded by the landlord. Although highly lauded at its conception, this reform was all but 
ignored by landlords, courts, and the government.
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August 26, 1930: Crisanto Evangelista announced the birth of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas