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<p>
<b><i>The Philippine History</i></b> of which one is apt to think when that subject is mentioned covers hardly a fourth of the Islands' book recorded 

history. 
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These records are not the romantic dream of a Paterno that under the name Ophir the Philippines with their gold enriched Solomon (10th 

century B. C.). They are solider ground than any plausible explanations that Manila hemp (abaka) was Strabo's (A. D. 21) "ta seerika," the 

cloth made of "a kind of flax combed from certain barks of trees." The shadowy identification of the Manilas with Ptolemy's Maniolas (c. A. 

D. 130) is not in their lass. Nor, to accept them, is recourse  needed to farfetched deductions like Zuñiga's that the American Continent 

received Israel's ten lost tribes, and thence, through Easter Island, Magellan's archipelago was peopled. Their existence saves us from 

having to accept such references as how Simbad the sailorman (Burton: The Arabian Nights, Night 538 et seq.) evidently made some of his 

voyages in this region, though it would not be uninteresting to note that the great Roe is a bird used in Moro ornament, the "ghoul" of the Thousand and One Nights is the Filipino Asuang and that the palm-covered island which was believed to be a colossal tortoise because it shook might well have been located where the Philippine maps indicate that earthquakes are most frequent. 
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The records hereinafter to be cited are for the most part of the prosaic kind, all the more reliable and valuable because they are inclined 

to be dry and matter-of-fact. They make no such demand upon imagination as Europe's pioneer traveller's tales, for instance the sixteenth 

century chart which depicted America as inhabited by headless people with eyes, nose and mouth located in the chest. 
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The British Museum's oriental scholar (Douglas: Europe and tlHe Far East, Cambridge, 1904) states that by the beginning of the Chou dynasty 

(B. C. 1122-255) intercourse had been estalblished at Canton with eight foreign nations. Duties as early as 990 B. C. were levied, and among 

the imports figure birds, pearls and tortoise shell, products of the Philippines, but the origin of these has not been investigated. 

"Reliable history," says Dr. Pott (A Sketch of Chinese History, Shanghai, 1908), "does not extend further back than the middle of the Chou dynasty (B. C. 722) intercourse had been established at Canton with eight foreign nations. Duties as of 990 B.C. were levied, and among the import figure birds, pearls and tortoise shells,  products of the Philippines, but the origin of these has not been investigated. 
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